The Seven Sages of Rome - User contributions [en]

Amazona

2026-04-18T07:20:54Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Short Description=The Prince of Persia and Princess Ed Detma
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Clouston (1884); Basset (1903)
|Has Motif=Marriage; Coerced Marriage; Deception; Deceitful lover; Woman tricked/coerced into sex; Rape; Riches; Disguise; Mistaken or concealed identity; Money in exchange for promise of sex; Coerced sex; Gender play; Woman in 'male' role; Lecherous old man
|Has Summary=The beautiful princess Ed-Detmá (or Addathmaa) is unparalleled in combat, and vows that she will only marry the man who can best her. Many princes strive for her hand, but they all are defeated, with Ed-Detmá claiming their possessions and branding their foreheads with her mark to show her victory. A prince of Persia, Bahram, comes to try to win her hand, and is stricken by her beauty. They fight nearly to a draw, but Ed-Detmá, fearing to lose, lifts her veil and exposes her face, and distracted by her beauty, Bahram is defeated. Undeterred, he returns to the palace gardens, disguised as an old man. He sits on the path, and visibly displaces some rich trinkets and jewels. When the princess and her maidens approach, he plays the fool, and exclaims that he would like to give his jewel to a beautiful maiden, whom he shall 'marry', kiss, and immediately divorce. Laughing, one of the attendants volunteers, and receives a proposal, a kiss, a pronouncement of divorce, and an immensely valuable jewel from the 'old man'. The next day is the same, until on the third day, Ed-Detmá herself - desiring one of the jewels - disguises herself as one of her maids, and approaches the (also disguised) prince. When she asks if he will have her as his wife in exchange for one of the jewels, he seizes her, kisses her, forces himself upon her, then reveals his identity and the fact that he, Bahram, has bested her. Fearing disgrace, Ed-Detmá sees no alternative but to marry him.

From ''Seven Viziers''

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
|Has Note=The parallels of this story to the Greek myth of Atalanta are clear; the parallels to [[Creditor]] are also noteworthy.

Nishimura notes some relevant motifs and analogues:

'''Motifs:''' TMI H331.6.1.1: Princess wins wrestling match with suitor by revealing her breast; he looks and is beaten. H345 Suitor test: overcoming princess in strength. T58: Wooing the strong and beautiful bride. Cf. H331.5.1.1: Apple thrown in race with bride. R231: Obstacle flight -- Atalanta type. ATU519: The Strong Woman as Bride (Brunhilde). TU405: Atalanta, and golden balls.

'''Analogues:''' ''Der persische Dekameron'', 11 ‘Die unbesiegbaren Prinzessin‘.

'''Reference stories''', '''etc.:''' Apollodoros, ''Bibliotheke'', 3.9.2, and Ovidius, ''Metamorphoses'', 10.560-680, for stories concerning Atalanta and Hippometes or Melanion.

Other stories with female protagonists include ''Nibelungenlied'' (Chapter VII. Prünhild); ''Gesta Romanorum'', 60 ‘Der Wettlauf mit der Königstochter’ (Roschimunda); ''Travels of Marco Polo'', 7.217, ‘The Princess of King Caidu and her bravery’ (Princess Aijaluk. A hundred horses when defeated); ''Pentamerone'', 3.8, ‘Birikkas’ (Ciannetella. She is saved by five friends of unusual ability. He doesn’t marry her, and receives money) = ''Grimm’s Fairy Tales'', KHM 71 ‘Sechs kommen durch die ganze Welt’. The story of Khan Ma Khan’s battle with Kahardash’, in ''Arabian Nights'', Night 142 (A woman who vows not to marry or surrender herself to any lord who does not defeat her by force). Ibn Battuta, ''Travels'', Chapter 24 (Princess Urdujar). Ailianos, ''Varia Historia'', 12.38, ‘On the Horses and Other Customs of the Sakaeans’. ''Kathasaritsagara'', 106 (VIII, pp. 28-29. Princess Gandharvadattā who decides to take as her husband one who is better than her at playing the Vina/lyre). Pauli, ''Schimpf und Ernst'', 526 ‘Triphon seyet Gelt uß’ (motif of fleeing from enemies by sprinkling money).

'''Bibliography:''' Chauvin VIII22. Landau 34.
}}

Striga

2026-04-18T07:17:54Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Short Description=The Prince and the Ogress
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Clouston (1884); Epstein (1967)
|Has Motif=Deception; Deceitful advisor; Deceitful woman; Magic; Magical beings (spirits, demons, djinn, witches); Overheard secret; Mistaken or concealed identity; Setting: nature; Religion; Disguise; Bodily transformation; Fear
|Has Summary='''The Prince and the Ogress'''

After a sheltered and protected childhood, a prince is at last allowed to go hunting, accompanied by one of his advisors. When they spot game, the advisor tells the prince to follow it himself, and the prince becomes lost; the advisor returns to court and reports that the prince was killed. Meanwhile, the prince encounters a weeping maiden who explains that she is a princess, and that she had fallen off her horse and been separated from her travelling companions; he offers to help her return to civilisation. They ride together for a while, until they come to a ruin, and the maiden asks to go a refresh herself in private. After she has been gone a little while, the prince follows her, and spies her in the company of malevolent creatures - ogers, demons or ghouls - who greet her as one of them, and respond delightedly to the news that she has caught a man for them. Terrified, the prince hurries back to his horse, and when the ogress returns (disguised again as a maiden), he cannot hide his shaking. She asks what is wrong, and he replies that he is afraid of someone powerful who wishes him harm. Thinking philosophically, the ogress suggests that he use his power as the king's son - or the wealth that comes with that - to protect himself, but the prince replies such things will not help. Finally, the ogress suggests that he pray to God for deliverance; loudly, the prince cries out to God for help, and she falls writhing to the ground and cannot rise, and the prince rides away safely.

[From Epstein, and [[Fudge, One Hundred and One Nights (2016)]]. Added by Jane Bonsall]
|Has Note=In [[Mishle Sendebar]], the story [[Striga and Fons]] combines this narrative with the story of the gender-changing fountain.

Nishimura notes some relevant motifs and analogues:

'''Motifs:''' TMI G405 Man on hunt falls into ogre’s (witch’s) power. N451 Secrets overheard from animal (demon) conversation. N771 King (prince) lost on hunt has adventures. V52 Miraculous Power of Prayer. ATU817* Devil leaves at mention of God’s name.

'''Analogues and reference stories:''' ''Arabian Nights'', Night 5 ‘The Tale of the Traitorous Minister’; Galland, ''Les mille et une Nuits'', ‘Histoire du Vizir puni‘; ''Golden Legend'', 11 ‘St. Thomas of Canterbury’.
}}

Mishle Sendebar

2026-04-18T07:03:02Z

Bonsall:

{{Version
|Has Description=Predating the expansion of the European ''Seven Sages'' narratives, composed some time before 1275, the Hebrew ''Mishle Sendebar'' (משלי סנדבר, Parables of Sendebar) is part of the broad [[Book of Sindbad]] tradition, sharing many elements with the [[Syriac Sindban|Syriac]], [[Syntipas|Greek]], [[Persian Sindbadnama|Persian]], [[Arabic Version A (The Seven Viziers)|Arabic]], and [[Old Spanish Libro de los Engaños|Old Spanish]] versions. Like the other Eastern texts, ''Mishle Sendebar'' highlights the wisdom of a particular philosopher, Sendebar (also known as Sindbad, Syntipas, Sindban, etc.). Additionally, all the sages here tell two stories to every single story told by the empress (see story order, below).

However, ''Mishle Sendebar'' is also distinct from the other Eastern texts in some ways. Some of these differences are related to the distinct Hebrew literary tradition, evidenced in analogues or references to the Book of Esther and elements from the Torah, but some variations are also shown in the plot. Epstein identifies the fact that the empress forgiven at the end, once her crimes are revealed, as reflecting something specific about Hebrew literary and cultural norms (though this also occus in some of the other ''Book of Sindbad'' narratives as well) ([[Epstein (1967)]]). Additionally, the Hebrew version alone of all the Eastern texts shares critical features with the Western ''Seven Sages'' tradition, as Morris Epstein explains in his introduction. As in the ''Seven Sages,'' in ''Mishle Sendebar'' the sages are named, and compete to secure the role of instructing the prince. The sages are named some variation of: Sendebar (Sndbad, Sndbr), Ipokras (Yofkot, Biars, Avpkrt), Apulin (Apuliyon, Aplbin, Upilin), Lukman (Luknin, Lukian, Lukmo, Ukmo, Ukimun), Aristalin (Aristotlie, Astile, Aristotilus, Istlin), Bind (Binr, Nishum, Bindi, Hind, Binur, Kind) and Amami (Amur, Amia, Amri, Amud, Omd, Amuz). The king is named Bibar (or similar), and his first wife's name is Beria; the son and the empress-figure are unnamed.
|Has Motif=Empress is forgiven
|Has Display Title=Mishle Sendebar
|Has Title=משלי סנדבר (Mishle Sendebar)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad
|Has Language Of Version=Hebrew
|Is Translated Into Languages=French; Arabic; Latin; German (High and Low German)
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1100
|Has End Date Of Composition=1275
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Text Composition=Epstein (1967)
|Has Modern Research Literature=Epstein (1967); Epstein (1958); Hilka (1912); Epstein (1959); Perry (1959); Gaster (1936); Steinschneider (1878); Needler (1977); Pratelli (2010); Lacarra (2009); Krönung (2016)
|Has Modern Edition=Epstein, Tales of Sendebar (1967); Habermann, Mishle Sindbad (1946); Cassel, Mischle Sindbad (Hebrew, with translation into German) (1888); Pratelli, Mišlê Sendebār (2010)
|Has Note=The story-order given below reflects Epstein's 1967 edition, which combines the story-order given in several Group A texts with the additional storymatter found in the anomalous Group B texts (namely [[Jusjurandum]], [[Fur et Luna]], and [[Ingenia]]).

However, Epstein titles the fifth story 'Catula', but other scholarship refers to this narrative as '[[Canicula]]'; the title given here reflects broader scholarly consensus and (in particular) Nishimura's references to the narrative.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Leo
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=First Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=First Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Lavator
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Turtures
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Second Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canicula
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Second Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Striga and Fons
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Third Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Pallium
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Third Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Simia
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Panes
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Fourth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Zuchara
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Fourth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Balneator
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Fifth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gladius
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Fifth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Absalom Rebellus
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Absalom Mortuus
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Sixth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Nomina
|Has Sequence Number=17
|Has Narrator=Sixth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Iuvenis Femina
|Has Sequence Number=18
|Has Narrator=Seventh Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Jusjurandum
|Has Sequence Number=19
|Has Narrator=Seventh Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Fur et Luna
|Has Sequence Number=20
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Ingenia
|Has Sequence Number=21
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vulpes
|Has Sequence Number=22
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gibbosi
|Has Sequence Number=23
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senex Caecus
|Has Sequence Number=24
}}

Mishle Sendebar

2026-04-18T06:54:16Z

Bonsall:

{{Version
|Has Description=Predating the expansion of the 'Western' ''Seven Sages'' narratives, composed some time before 1275, the Hebrew ''Mishle Sendebar'' (משלי סנדבר, Parables of Sendebar) is part of the broad 'Eastern' tradition, sharing many elements with the Syriac, Greek, Persian, Arabic, and Old Spanish versions. Like the other Eastern texts, ''Mishle Sendebar'' highlights the wisdom of a particular philosopher, Sendebar (also known as Sindbad, Syntipas, Sindban, etc.). Additionally, all the sages here tell two stories to every single story told by the empress (see story order, below).

However, ''Mishle Sendebar'' is also distinct from the other Eastern texts in some ways. Some of these differences are related to a distinct Hebrew literary tradition, evidenced in analogues or references to the Book of Esther and elements from the Torah, but some variations are also shown in the plot. For example, only in the Hebrew tradition is the empress forgiven at the end, once her crimes are revealed. Additionally, the Hebrew version alone of all the Eastern texts shares critical features with the Western ''Seven Sages'' tradition, as Morris Epstein explains in his introduction. As in the ''Seven Sages,'' in ''Mishle Sendebar'' the sages are named, and compete to secure the role of instructing the prince. The sages are named some variation of: Sendebar (Sndbad, Sndbr), Ipokras (Yofkot, Biars, Avpkrt), Apulin (Apuliyon, Aplbin, Upilin), Lukman (Luknin, Lukian, Lukmo, Ukmo, Ukimun), Aristalin (Aristotlie, Astile, Aristotilus, Istlin), Bind (Binr, Nishum, Bindi, Hind, Binur, Kind) and Amami (Amur, Amia, Amri, Amud, Omd, Amuz). The king is named Bibar (or similar), and his first wife's name is Beria; the son and the empress-figure are unnamed.
|Has Display Title=Mishle Sendebar
|Has Title=משלי סנדבר (Mishle Sendebar)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad
|Has Language Of Version=Hebrew
|Is Translated Into Languages=French; Arabic; Latin; German (High and Low German)
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1100
|Has End Date Of Composition=1275
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Text Composition=Epstein (1967)
|Has Modern Research Literature=Epstein (1967); Epstein (1958); Hilka (1912); Epstein (1959); Perry (1959); Gaster (1936); Steinschneider (1878); Needler (1977); Pratelli (2010); Lacarra (2009); Krönung (2016)
|Has Modern Edition=Epstein, Tales of Sendebar (1967); Habermann, Mishle Sindbad (1946); Cassel, Mischle Sindbad (Hebrew, with translation into German) (1888); Pratelli, Mišlê Sendebār (2010)
|Has Note=The story-order given below reflects Epstein's 1967 edition, which combines the story-order given in several Group A texts with the additional storymatter found in the anomalous Group B texts (namely [[Jusjurandum]], [[Fur et Luna]], and [[Ingenia]]).

However, Epstein titles the fifth story 'Catula', but other scholarship refers to this narrative as '[[Canicula]]'; the title given here reflects broader scholarly consensus and (in particular) Nishimura's references to the narrative.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Leo
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=First Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=First Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Lavator
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Turtures
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Second Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canicula
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Second Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Striga and Fons
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Third Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Pallium
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Third Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Simia
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Panes
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Fourth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Zuchara
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Fourth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Balneator
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Fifth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gladius
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Fifth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Absalom Rebellus
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Absalom Mortuus
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Sixth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Nomina
|Has Sequence Number=17
|Has Narrator=Sixth Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Iuvenis Femina
|Has Sequence Number=18
|Has Narrator=Seventh Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Jusjurandum
|Has Sequence Number=19
|Has Narrator=Seventh Master
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Fur et Luna
|Has Sequence Number=20
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Ingenia
|Has Sequence Number=21
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vulpes
|Has Sequence Number=22
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gibbosi
|Has Sequence Number=23
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senex Caecus
|Has Sequence Number=24
}}

Ahmed

2026-04-18T06:51:04Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Short Description=Ahmed the Orphan
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Perry (1959); Clouston (1884); Basset (1903)
|Has Motif=Deception; Deceitful woman; Deceitful lover; Accidental death; Murder; Unjust execution; Mistaken or concealed identity; Judgement; Beheading; Adultery; Death of lover; Adoption; Misinterpretation
|Has Summary='''Ahmed the Orphan'''

A sultan encounters an abandoned orphaned child, and takes him in and names him Ahmed. Ahmed is well educated and honourable, and once he is grown, the sultan appoints him treasurer. One day, the sultan sends him on an errand to the sultan's mistress's rooms. When Ahmed enters the room, he sees the mistress in the arms of a servant, but he pretends not to notice and does not inform the sultan. However, the mistress, fearing that he reveal her infidelity, rushes to the sultan and complains that Ahmed has tried to assault her. The sultan, furious, calls his slave and commands him to go and wait in specific location, and then, “when a man comes to you and tells you to do what the sultan has commanded, behead him and give the head to the next man who comes”. The sultan then summons Ahmed, and instructs him to hurry to that same location, and to tell the waiting servant to "do what the sultan has commanded". But on his way, Ahmed comes across the lover of the mistress drinking with his fellow slaves, who clamour for him to join them. Ahmed protests that he is on important business for the sultan, so the lover volunteers to deliver Ahmed's urgent message in his stead. The lover takes Ahmed's place and is killed by the waiting servant. When the lover does not return, Ahmed goes to the house where the servant waited, receives a basket from him, and returns to the sultan. When the basket is opened and the lover's head is revealed, Ahmed explains the mistress's infidelity, and the sultan proclaims that all is as god willed it. The mistress too is executed.

From the ''Seven Viziers'', and Nishimura's appendices.

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
|Has Note=Nishimura offers the following notes on motifs and analogues:

'''Motifs and Types:''' TMI K511 Uriah letter changed. Falsified order of execution. K978 Uriah letter. K1612 Message of death fatal to sender. ATU 910K Walk to the Ironworks. ATU 930 The Prophecy. TU 2205 Fridolin.

'''Analogues:''' ''Shiki'' [''Shiji, History''], Sejia 7 (pp. 132-133); ''Scala Coeli'', 719 ‘Un chevalier sauvé de la mort…’; Wesselski, ''Mönchslatein'', 34; ''Gesta Romanorum'', 283 ‘Fulgentius’; Cinthio, ''Hundred Tales [Gli Hecatommithi]'', 8.6; Timoneda, ''El Patrañuelo'', 17; Behrnauer, ''Die vierzig Wesire'', ‘Die Geschichte von dem König und seinem Günstiling’ (pp. 65-67. See Valdan, 120); ''Kathasaritsagara'', ch. 20, end of ‘24. Story of Phalabhūti’; Schiller’s ''Der Gang nach dem Eisenhammer'' is a similar story.

The stories that do not change people in the middle of the story, but rewrite or switch letters and usually end with the marriage to the princess, include ''Gesta Romanorum'', 20 ‘Der ungewollte Nachfolger’; The ''Golden Legend'', 175 ‘Pope St. Pelagius’ (pp. 427-428); ‘The Ogre with three Golden Hair’ in ''Grimm’s Fairy Tales'' (KHM 29), ‘Der Teufel mit den drei goldenen Haaren’; Saxo Grammaticus, ''Gesta Danorum'', 3.6 and 4.1; Shakespeare, ''Hamlet'', 5.2; Cardonne’s ‘Die Geschichte von der unerhörten Grausamkeit eines Vaters’ in ''Mélanges de littérature orientale'', and Choi In Hak, ''A Study on Korean Folktales…'', 668, ‘Yanban (aristocrat) and the Servant’; ''Nihon Mukashibanashi Tsukan'', 28, Index 302A, ‘Messenger of the Water God -- Rewriting Type’; Takagaki Kin’nosuke, ''Tales from Cambodia'', 1 ‘The Twelve Daughters of Angkor’.

'''Reference stories''', '''etc.:''' ''Ilias'', 6; ''Bible'', ‘Samuel 2’, 11 (The king gives Uriah a letter to send to war to get rid of Uriah, and Uriah dies and David takes his wife. From this marriage Solomon is born). Nepos, ''Heroes’ Biography'', IV, ‘Pausanias’, 4 (A man sent by Pausanias to the Persian king, wondering why none of those sent for the same reason had returned, opens the letter and reads the bearer to be killed. It also describes a conspiracy with the King of Persia. When the plot is discovered, Pausanias flees to the temple, where he is sealed up and dies). Saikaku, ''Budo Denraiki'', 7.1, ‘Own Life’s Quick Messenger’.

'''Bibliography:''' Chauvin VIII145A; J. Schick, ''Corpus Hamleticum;'' Takagi Toshio, ''A Study of Fairy Tales'', pp. 228-9; Minakata Kumagusu, ‘''Own Life’s Quick Messenger''’; Nakatsukasa Tetsuo, ''The World of Aesop’s Fables'', pp. 39-40; ''Nihon Mukashibanashi Tsukan'', Kenkyu-hen 2, 302A.
}}

Absalom Mortuus

2026-04-18T06:50:46Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Short Description=The Death of Absalom
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Epstein (1967)
|Has Motif=Father/son relationships; Death of son; Biblical narrative; Grief; Remorse
|Has Summary=Following [[Absalom Rebellus]], this story tells of Absalom's uprising against his father David. David's nephrew Joab commands his armies, and was instructed not to let Absalom die in the conflict. When Absalom is nevertheless killed, David is distracted with grief (despite having many surviving sons), and eventually orders his son Solomon to kill Joab.

From Epstein (1967).

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
}}

Absalom Rebellus

2026-04-18T06:50:14Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Short Description=The Rebellion of Absalom
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Epstein (1967)
|Has Motif=Father/son relationships; Rape; Fratricide; Biblical narrative; Violent punishment; Revenge; Judgement; Woman tricked/coerced into sex
|Has Summary=King David does not put his son Amnon to death when Amnon rapes his half-sister Tamar. Instead, his brother Absalom kills Amnon, turning against his father, and fleeing the land. Eventually Absalom returns, leading a rebel army against David.

From Epstein (1967).

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
}}

Absalom Rebellus

2026-04-18T06:49:27Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Display Title=The Rebellion of Absalom
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Epstein (1967)
|Has Motif=Father/son relationships; Rape; Fratricide; Biblical narrative; Violent punishment; Revenge; Judgement; Woman tricked/coerced into sex
|Has Summary=King David does not put his son Amnon to death when Amnon rapes his half-sister Tamar. Instead, his brother Absalom kills Amnon, turning against his father, and fleeing the land. Eventually Absalom returns, leading a rebel army against David.

From Epstein (1967).

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
}}

Absalom Mortuus

2026-04-18T06:48:37Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Display Title=The Death of Absalom
|Has Critical Literature=Nishimura (2001); Epstein (1967)
|Has Motif=Father/son relationships; Death of son; Biblical narrative; Grief; Remorse
|Has Summary=Following [[Absalom Rebellus]], this story tells of Absalom's uprising against his father David. David's nephrew Joab commands his armies, and was instructed not to let Absalom die in the conflict. When Absalom is nevertheless killed, David is distracted with grief (despite having many surviving sons), and eventually orders his son Solomon to kill Joab.
}}

Mercator

2026-04-18T06:47:22Z

Bonsall:

{{Inset Story
|Has Display Title=The Merchant
|Has Critical Literature=Oesterley (1872); Nishimura (2001); Steinmetz (1997)
|Has Motif=Adultery; Rape; Murder; Suicide; Friendship; Deception; Deceitful woman; Gullible husband; False evidence of unchastity/criminality; Evidence; Grief; Remorse; Misinterpretation
|Has Summary=A knight, who has a beautiful wife, is good friends with a local merchant, and the two frequently visit each other's homes. One day, when the knight is away on business, the merchant visits the knight's house, and finds the knight's wife alone. The wife lets the merchant into the house, then flings her arms about his neck, declaring her love and desire for him. The merchant attempts to dissuade her, and as he is disentangling himself from her embrace, the knight returns home. Immediately, the wife tears her face, clothes, and hair, and cries that the merchant has attempted to violate her. Furious, the knight kills the merchant. Many years later, when the wife reveals the truth, the knight is overcome with grief and dies of sorrow (or, in some versions, kills himself from remorse).

[Added by Jane Bonsall]
|Has Note=Note: in the [[Latin Version A|Latin]] and [[German Version A|German]] [[Allegatio Septem Sapientum (or, Libellus muliebri nequitia plenus)|''Allegatio Septem Sapientum'' (or, ''Libellus muliebri nequitia plenus'')]], the protagonists are simply good friends, without the knight/merchant distinction.
}}

Conyers Version

2026-04-08T13:56:37Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=According to [[Bond (1937)]], this print, produced by George Conyers sometime between 1722 and 1739, shows the blending and combination of ''Seven Sages'' narratives in the 17th and 18th centuries. Conyers' text begins like other [[English Version H|English iterations of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' narratives,]] and includes the expected run of 15 embedded tales. However, in order to "render this Book more Entertaining" (Bond, p. 495), the narrator explains, the text also includes four addition tales, usually found in the ''Erasto'' narratives: [[Zelus]], [[Corpus Delicti]], [[Puer Adoptatus]], and [[Caepulla]]. This brings the total of narratives included here up to 19. (I have not yet consulted the text first hand; I do not know whether the additional tales are told by the sages, or whether they are told after the prince's tale; the order below is a guess based on Bond's description.)

There is a marked similarity here to the process exemplified by [[Francis Kirkman, Prince Erastus|Francis Kirkman's Prince Erastus]]: 17th and 18th century redactors clearly believed that their audiences would be interested in more stories, or a more complete picture of the ''Seven Sages'' tale collection, and therefore added more narratives than were found in their particular version. However, just as Kirkman added stories typically found in the ''Historia'' tradition, the redactor of Conyer's text borrowed narratives from the ''[[Erasto (Es)|Erasto]]'' - sticking to family ''Seven Sages'' tales, rather than inserting any moralising or antifeminist tales.
|Has Parent Version=English Version H
|Has Title=The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1722
|Has End Date Of Composition=1739
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Is Adapted From=English Version H; English Erasto; Francis Kirkman, Prince Erastus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
|Has Name Variation=Pontillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Craton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquedrake
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
|Has Name Variation=Josephus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
|Has Name Variation=Cleophes
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Solon
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Zelus
|Has Sequence Number=16
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Corpus Delicti
|Has Sequence Number=17
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puer Adoptatus
|Has Sequence Number=18
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Caepulla
|Has Sequence Number=19
}}

Conyers Version

2026-04-08T13:55:09Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=According to [[Bond (1937)]], this print, produced by George Conyers sometime between 1722 and 1739, shows the blending and combination of ''Seven Sages'' narratives in the 17th and 18th centuries. Conyers' text begins like other [[English Version H|English iterations of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' narratives,]] and includes the expected run of 15 embedded tales. However, in order to "render this Book more Entertaining" (Bond, p. 495), the narrator explains, the text also includes four addition tales, usually found in the ''Erasto'' narratives: [[Zelus]], [[Corpus Delicti]], [[Puer Adoptatus]], and [[Caepulla]]. This brings the total of narratives included here up to 19. (I have not yet consulted the text first hand; I do not know whether the additional tales are told by the sages, or whether they are told after the prince's tale; the order below is a guess based on Bond's description.)

There is a marked similarity here to the process exemplified by [[Francis Kirkman, Prince Erastus|Francis Kirkman's Prince Erastus]]: 17th and 18th century redactors clearly believed that their audiences would be interested in more stories, or a more complete picture of the ''Seven Sages'' tale collection, and therefore added more narratives than were found in their particular version. However, just as Kirkman added stories typically found in the ''Historia'' tradition, the redactor of Conyer's text borrowed narratives from the ''[[Erasto (Es)|Erasto]]'' - sticking to family ''Seven Sages'' tales, rather than inserting any moralising or antifeminist tales.
|Has Parent Version=English Version H
|Has Title=The history of the seven wise masters of Rome
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1722
|Has End Date Of Composition=1739
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Is Adapted From=English Version H; English Erasto; Francis Kirkman, Prince Erastus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
|Has Name Variation=Pontillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Craton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquedrake
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
|Has Name Variation=Josephus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
|Has Name Variation=Cleophes
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Solon
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Zelus
|Has Sequence Number=16
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Corpus Delicti
|Has Sequence Number=17
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puer Adoptatus
|Has Sequence Number=18
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Caepulla
|Has Sequence Number=19
}}

Printed English Version A

2026-04-07T18:51:21Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This fragmentary text is the earliest surviving English print of the ''Seven Sages'' narrative, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition ([[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust, 2026]]). This sets Pynson's text apart from the de Worde text and the subsequent English print tradition, which all follow the ''[[H (Historia Septem Sapientum)|Historia Septem Sapientum]]'' narrative pattern.
|Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Author=Richard Pynson
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Date Of Text Composition=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Zeldenrust (2026)
}}

Printed English Version A

2026-04-07T18:50:35Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This fragmentary text is the earliest surviving English print, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition ([[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust, 2026]]). This sets Pynson's text apart from the de Worde text and the subsequent print tradition, which all follow the ''[[H (Historia Septem Sapientum)|Historia Septem Sapientum]]'' narrative pattern.
|Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Author=Richard Pynson
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Date Of Text Composition=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Zeldenrust (2026)
}}

Gomme, The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome (1885)

2026-04-07T18:47:45Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Modern Edition |Has Editor Name=George Lawrence Gomme |Has Title Of Book Or Journal=The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome |Has Subtitle Of Book Or Journal=Printed from the Edition of Wynkyn de Worde, 1520 |Has Series=Chap-Books and Folk-Lore Tracts, First Series, II |Has Place Of Publication=London |Has Publisher=Villon Society |Has Date Of Publication=1885 }}"

{{Modern Edition
|Has Editor Name=George Lawrence Gomme
|Has Title Of Book Or Journal=The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome
|Has Subtitle Of Book Or Journal=Printed from the Edition of Wynkyn de Worde, 1520
|Has Series=Chap-Books and Folk-Lore Tracts, First Series, II
|Has Place Of Publication=London
|Has Publisher=Villon Society
|Has Date Of Publication=1885
}}

English Version H

2026-04-07T18:44:49Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The English translation of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' tradition was first printed by the London printer Wynkyn de Worde. The earliest surviving copy of this text dates to sometime circa 1506, though scholarship suggests that there may have been an earlier, now lost, text printed by de Worde sometime before 1497 (see [[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust 2026]], [[Gwara (2013)|Gwara 2013]]). Wynkyn de Worde's text is predated by [[Printed English Version A|Richard Pynson's version]], produced c. 1493; that text, however, was a continuation of the manuscript tradition and part of the [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] family, rather than a translation of the ''Historia'' like de Worde's print, and almost all of the subsequent ''Seven Sages'' prints in English, and thus the two represent different versions entirely''.''

Scholarship has traditionally suggested that the source for Wynkyn de Worde's text was a French print, identifying [[Les sept sages romains. (Paris): Pierre le Rouge, (not after 1489)|Pierre le Rouge's 1489 text]] as the potential source. However, as Lydia Zeldenrust points out in a forthcoming article, there are some divergences between the le Rouge print and Wynkyn de Worde's text (for example, the name of the emperor), and she notes that de Worde's version instead bears closer similiarity to the popular Latin, Dutch, and Low German versions of the ''Historia''.
|Has Parent Version=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Title=The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1495
|Has End Date Of Composition=1506
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Gwara (2013); Zeldenrust (2026); Schlusemann (2023b)
|Has Modern Edition=Gomme, The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome (1885)
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Joachim
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}

Schlusemann (2023b)

2026-04-07T18:37:53Z

Bonsall:

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Display Title=Schlusemann (2023b)
|Has Author=Rita Schlusemann
|Has Chapter Title=The Dissemination and Multimodality of Historia septem sapientum Romae
|Has Book Title=Top Ten Fictional Narratives in Early Modern Europe
|Has Book Subtitle=Translation, Dissemination and Mediality
|Has Editor Name=Rita Schlusemann; Helwi Blom; Anna Katharina Richter; Krystyna Wierzbicka-Trwoga
|Has Place Of Publication=Berlin
|Has Publisher=De Gruyter
|Has Page Range=87-126
|Has Type=Modern Research Literature
|Has Digitisation=https://uplopen.com/reader/chapters/pdf/10.1515/9783110764451-004
}}

Gwara (2013)

2026-04-07T18:36:57Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Modern Research Literature |Has Author=Joseph J. Gwara |Has Chapter Title=Dating Wynkyn de Worde's Devotional, Homiletic, and Other Texts, 1501-11' |Has Book Title=Preaching the Word in Manuscripts and Print in Late Medieval England |Has Editor Name=Martha W. Driver; Veronica O'Mara |Has Place Of Publication=Turnhout |Has Publisher=Brepols |Has Date=2013 |Has Page Range=193-234 |Has Type=Modern Research Literature }}"

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Author=Joseph J. Gwara
|Has Chapter Title=Dating Wynkyn de Worde's Devotional, Homiletic, and Other Texts, 1501-11'
|Has Book Title=Preaching the Word in Manuscripts and Print in Late Medieval England
|Has Editor Name=Martha W. Driver; Veronica O'Mara
|Has Place Of Publication=Turnhout
|Has Publisher=Brepols
|Has Date=2013
|Has Page Range=193-234
|Has Type=Modern Research Literature
}}

English Version H

2026-04-07T18:34:50Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The English translation of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' tradition was first printed by the London printer Wynkyn de Worde. The earliest surviving copy of this text dates to sometime circa 1506, though scholarship suggests that there may have been an earlier, now lost, text printed by de Worde sometime before 1497 (see [[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust 2026]], [[Gwara (2013)|Gwara 2013]]). Wynkyn de Worde's text is predated by [[Printed English Version A|Richard Pynson's version]], produced c. 1493; that text, however, was a continuation of the manuscript tradition and part of the [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] family, rather than a translation of the ''Historia'' like de Worde's print, and almost all of the subsequent ''Seven Sages'' prints in English, and thus the two represent different versions entirely''.''

Scholarship has traditionally suggested that the source for Wynkyn de Worde's text was a French print, identifying [[Les sept sages romains. (Paris): Pierre le Rouge, (not after 1489)|Pierre le Rouge's 1489 text]] as the potential source. However, as Lydia Zeldenrust points out in a forthcoming article, there are some divergences between the le Rouge print and Wynkyn de Worde's text (for example, the name of the emperor), and she notes that de Worde's version instead bears closer similiarity to the popular Latin, Dutch, and Low German versions of the ''Historia''.
|Has Parent Version=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1495
|Has End Date Of Composition=1506
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Gwara (2013); Zeldenrust (2026)
|Has Modern Edition=Gomme, The History of the Seven Wise Masters of Rome (1885)
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Joachim
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}

Pierre le Rouge

2026-04-07T18:20:13Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Person |Has First Name=Pierre |Has Last Name=le Rouge }}"

Les sept sages romains. (Paris): Pierre le Rouge, (not after 1489)

2026-04-07T18:19:25Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Print |Has Display Title=Les sept sages romains. [Paris]: Pierre le Rouge, [before 1489] |Has Total Number Of Pages=f. [56] |Has Format=4° |Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Les Sept Sages Romains |Has Incipit Or Textual Title=Cy cōmence ung petit traicte intitule les // sept sages rōmains et cōtient le proces dieux // sept sages cōtre la fēme de lempereur dyocle//cian qui vouloit faire mourir le filz de lempe//reur |Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages..."

{{Print
|Has Display Title=Les sept sages romains. [Paris]: Pierre le Rouge, [before 1489]
|Has Total Number Of Pages=f. [56]
|Has Format=4°
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Les Sept Sages Romains
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=Cy cōmence ung petit traicte intitule les // sept sages rōmains et cōtient le proces dieux // sept sages cōtre la fēme de lempereur dyocle//cian qui vouloit faire mourir le filz de lempe//reur
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Language Group Within Version=French Version H
|Has Printer=Pierre le Rouge
|Has Place Of Printing=Paris
|Has End Date Of Print=1489
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Language=French
|Is Prose Or Verse=Prose
|Has Illustrations=Yes
|Has Digitisation=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5651227g/f3.item
|Has Catalogue=https://www.ustc.ac.uk/editions/765973; http://www.gesamtkatalogderwiegendrucke.de/docs/GW12869.htm; http://data.cerl.org/istc/is00450600; http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb336014632
|Has Note=Catalogues:

'''GW:''' [https://gesamtkatalogderwiegendrucke.de/docs/GW12869.htm 12869]

'''ISTC:''' [https://data.cerl.org/istc/is00450600 is00450600]

'''USTC:''' [https://www.ustc.ac.uk/editions/70667 70667] [https://www.ustc.ac.uk/editions/765973 765973]

'''ARLIMA:''' [https://www.arlima.net/editions-anciennes/3336.html EA3336]
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
|Has Shelfmark=RES M-Y2-1
|Has Note=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb336014632
}}

English Version H

2026-04-07T17:51:35Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The English translation of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' tradition was first printed by the London printer Wynkyn de Worde. The earliest surviving copy of this text dates to sometime circa 1506, though scholarship suggests that there may have been an earlier, now lost, text printed by de Worde sometime before 1497 (see [[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust 2026]], [[Gwara (2013)|Gwara 2013]]). Wynkyn de Worde's text is predated by [[Printed English Version A|Richard Pynson's version]], produced c. 1493; that text, however, was a continuation of the manuscript tradition and part of the [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] family, rather than a translation of the ''Historia'' like de Worde's print, and almost all of the subsequent prints in English''.''

Scholarship regularly suggests that the source for Wynkyn de Worde's text was a French print, suggesting
|Has Language Within Version=English
|Has Parent Version=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Is Date Uncertain=No
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Joachim
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}

Printed English Version A

2026-04-07T16:29:16Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This text is the earliest surviving English print, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition ([[Zeldenrust (2026)|Zeldenrust, 2026]]). The surviving text is fragmentary, however.
|Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Author=Richard Pynson
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Date Of Text Composition=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Zeldenrust (2026)
}}

Middle English Version A

2026-04-07T16:28:08Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The Middle English versions of the ''Seven Sages of Rome'' are all part of the [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] tradition. Adapted from one of the [[French Version A: Roman des Sept Sages|Old French A]] texts sometime in the late 13th or early 14th century, the Middle English ''Seven Sages'' manuscripts clearly demonstrate insular popularity, developing three distinct redactions that survive in eight manuscripts. These iterations of the narrative bear striking similarity to other popular Middle English romances, both in their narrative concerns and in their form (the near-ubiquitous tail-rhymed octosyllabic couplets).

According to Campbell (and also Brunner and Whitelock), the Middle English ''Seven Sages'' may be usefully grouped into three regional categories, with dialect differences separating the 'Northern', 'Southern', and 'Midland' redactions. Both Northern and Southern groups are closely related, and are assumed to share a lost parent-text, 'Y'. The Midland redaction, which is not part of the 'Y Group', has notable stylistic distinctions from the other texts, though it follows the same essential pattern. For example, while the emperor is always called Dioclecian and his son named Florentine or Florentin, the Y Group gives the prince's mother the name 'Milicent' while the Midlands text names her 'Helie' or 'Elye'. The sage's names are relatively consistent across all versions, as is the order of the tales themselves, with the notable exception of a single text found in [[Cambridge University Library MS Ff. 2, 38]] (often referred to in scholarship as Text F). This text contains an anomalous version of the narrative, with an atypical story order and the addition of two unique tales ('[[Parricida]]' and '[[Armiger]]').

It is also worth noting that despite their proximity, the Middle English ''Seven Sages'' is notably distinct from the [[Older Scots Version A]], and also most of the later [[English Version H|English prints,]] which are predominantly part of the [[H (Historia Septem Sapientum)]] tradition. However, there is one suviving print, produced by [[Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)|Richard Pynson in c. 1493]], that is critically understood to be a continuation of the English manuscript tradition, and part of the Version A branch of the ''Seven Sages'' family. We therefore see the English print tradition as spanning three discrete versions: [[Printed English Version A|Version A]] (as seen in the Pynson print); [[English Version H|Version H]] (as seen in the 1506 Wynkyn de Worde print and the rest of the prose ''Seven Wise Masters'' prints); and the [[English Erasto|English Erasto texts]] (following the Italian variation of the same name).
|Has Language Within Version=Middle English
|Has Parent Version=A (Seven Sages)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=Middle English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=England
|Has Start Date Of Composition=1275
|Has End Date Of Composition=1320
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Text Composition=Campbell (1907)
|Has Modern Research Literature=Brunner (1933); Whitelock (2005); Campbell (1907); Bonsall (2024); Runte, Wikeley, Farrell (1984); Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014); Epstein (1967); Jaunzems (1978); Bonsall and Piercy (2025); Zeldenrust (2026)
|Has Modern Edition=Brunner, The Seven Sages of Rome (Southern Version) (1933); Campbell, The Seven Sages of Rome (Northern Version) (1907); Whitelock, The Seven Sages of Rome (Midland Version) (2005)
|Is Adapted From=French Version A
|Is Adapted Into=Group Y; Midland Version
|Has Source For Composition And Adaption Information=Campbell (1907); Whitelock (2005)
|Has Note=The story order (below) reflects the tales as they appear in all manuscripts but F ([[Cambridge University Library MS Ff. 2, 38]]).
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
|Has Name Variation=Hancyllas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Anxilles
|Has Name Variation=Ancilles
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
|Has Name Variation=Lentilioun
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Maladas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Caton, Catoun
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Roma
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Maxencius
|Has Name Variation=Marcius
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
|Has Name Variation=Florentine
}}

Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

2026-04-07T16:26:52Z

Bonsall:

{{Print
|Has Display Title=[Seven wise masters of Rome] [fragment] London: Richard Pynson, [1493]
|Has Total Number Of Pages=2
|Has Format=4°
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=The Seven Wise Masters
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=the mete was redy: and the tyme of the day was come to go to dyner
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=A (Seven Sages)
|Has Language Group Within Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Narrative Or Scholarly Group Within Version=Printed English Version A
|Has Printer=Richard Pynson
|Has Place Of Printing=London, UK
|Has Date Of Print=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Language=English
|Has Regional Language=Middle English
|Is Prose Or Verse=Prose
|Has Material=Paper
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Digitisation=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2248547025/?accountid=10923
|Has Modern Research Literature=Schlusemann (2023); Zeldenrust (2026)
|Has Catalogue=ESTC S114568; STC (2nd ed) 21297; Duff (1917)
|Has Note=This fragmentary print is listed as number 370 in Duff, and STC 21297/ESTC S114568. It contains part of the end of the Prince's story, [[Vaticinium and Amici|Vaticinium]], and is the earliest (and only 15th-century) extant English print.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=Cambridge, Trinity College Library
|Has Shelfmark=VI.18.19
|Has Note=https://lib-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Record/ba533643-7aa7-4d4a-b0f2-0afd4a29a521
}}

Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

2026-04-07T16:18:13Z

Bonsall:

{{Print
|Has Display Title=[Seven wise masters of Rome] [fragment] London: Richard Pynson, [1493]
|Has Total Number Of Pages=2
|Has Format=4°
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=The Seven Wise Masters
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=the mete was redy: and the tyme of the day was come to go to dyner
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=A (Seven Sages)
|Has Language Group Within Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Narrative Or Scholarly Group Within Version=Printed English Version A
|Has Printer=Richard Pynson
|Has Place Of Printing=London, UK
|Has Date Of Print=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Language=English
|Has Regional Language=Middle English
|Is Prose Or Verse=Verse
|Has Material=Paper
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Digitisation=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2248547025/?accountid=10923
|Has Modern Research Literature=Schlusemann (2023); Zeldenrust (2026)
|Has Catalogue=ESTC S114568; STC (2nd ed) 21297; Duff (1917)
|Has Note=This fragmentary print is listed as number 370 in Duff, and STC 21297/ESTC S114568. It contains part of the end of the Prince's story, [[Vaticinium and Amici|Vaticinium]], and is the earliest (and only 15th-century) extant English print.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=Cambridge, Trinity College Library
|Has Shelfmark=VI.18.19
|Has Note=https://lib-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Record/ba533643-7aa7-4d4a-b0f2-0afd4a29a521
}}

Zeldenrust (2026)

2026-04-07T16:15:46Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Modern Research Literature |Has Author=Lydia Zeldenrust |Has Chapter Title=Wynkyn de Worde and the Marketing of European Romances in England (forthcoming) |Has Date=2026 }}"

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Author=Lydia Zeldenrust
|Has Chapter Title=Wynkyn de Worde and the Marketing of European Romances in England (forthcoming)
|Has Date=2026
}}

Printed English Version A

2026-04-07T16:13:49Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This text is the earliest surviving English print, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition (Zeldenrust, 2026).
|Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Author=Richard Pynson
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Date Of Text Composition=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Modern Research Literature=Zeldenrust (2026)
}}

Printed English Version A

2026-04-07T16:13:16Z

Bonsall: Created page with "{{Secondary Version |Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This text is the earliest surviving English print, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition (Zeldenrust, 2026). |Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A |Has Author=Richard Pynson |Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome |Has..."

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The printed English text that is critically understood to be part of the Version A pattern was produced by Richard Pynson, circa 1493. This text is the earliest surviving English print, predating Wynkyn de Worde's 1506 text, and is thought to represent a continuation of the manuscript tradition (Zeldenrust, 2026).
|Has Parent Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Author=Richard Pynson
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Has Language Of Version=English
|Has Place Of Text Composition=London
|Has Date Of Text Composition=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
}}

Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

2026-04-07T15:52:31Z

Bonsall:

{{Print
|Has Display Title=[Seven wise masters of Rome] [fragment] London: Richard Pynson, [1493]
|Has Total Number Of Pages=2
|Has Format=4°
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=The Seven Wise Masters
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=the mete was redy: and the tyme of the day was come to go to dyner
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=A (Seven Sages)
|Has Language Group Within Version=Middle English Version A
|Has Narrative Or Scholarly Group Within Version=Printed English Version A
|Has Printer=Richard Pynson
|Has Place Of Printing=London, UK
|Has Date Of Print=1493
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Language=English
|Has Regional Language=Middle English
|Is Prose Or Verse=Verse
|Has Material=Paper
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Digitisation=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2248547025/?accountid=10923
|Has Modern Research Literature=Schlusemann (2023)
|Has Catalogue=ESTC S114568; STC (2nd ed) 21297; Duff (1917)
|Has Note=This fragmentary print is listed as number 370 in Duff, and STC 21297/ESTC S114568. It contains part of the end of the Prince's story, [[Vaticinium and Amici|Vaticinium]], and is the earliest (and only 15th-century) extant English print.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=Cambridge, Trinity College Library
|Has Shelfmark=VI.18.19
|Has Note=https://lib-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Record/ba533643-7aa7-4d4a-b0f2-0afd4a29a521
}}

Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, ca. 1493

2026-04-07T15:50:35Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, ca. 1493 to Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

#REDIRECT [[Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)]]

Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

2026-04-07T15:50:35Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, ca. 1493 to Seven wise masters of Rome (fragment). London: Richard Pynson, (1493)

{{Print
|Has Display Title=[Seven wise masters of Rome] [fragment] London: Richard Pynson, ca. 1493
|Has Total Number Of Pages=2
|Has Format=4°
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=The Seven Wise Masters
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=the mete was redy: and the tyme of the day was come to go to dyner
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Language Group Within Version=English Version H
|Has Narrative Or Scholarly Group Within Version=English Prints (H)
|Has Further Primary Scholarly Subgroup=Pynson Version
|Has Printer=Richard Pynson
|Has Place Of Printing=London, UK
|Has Date Of Print=1493
|Has Language=English
|Has Regional Language=Middle English
|Is Prose Or Verse=Verse
|Has Material=Paper
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Digitisation=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2248547025/?accountid=10923
|Has Modern Research Literature=Schlusemann (2023)
|Has Catalogue=ESTC S114568; STC (2nd ed) 21297; Duff (1917)
|Has Note=This fragmentary print is listed as number 370 in Duff, and STC 21297/ESTC S114568. It contains part of the end of the Prince's story, [[Vaticinium and Amici|Vaticinium]], and is the earliest (and only 15th-century) extant English print.
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=Cambridge, Trinity College Library
|Has Shelfmark=VI.18.19
|Has Note=https://lib-cat.trin.cam.ac.uk/Record/ba533643-7aa7-4d4a-b0f2-0afd4a29a521
}}

Incipit “Here begynnèth thystorye of ye .vii. Wyse Maysters of rome conteynynge ryghe fayre & ryghtioyous narracions. et to ye reder ryght delectable”. London: Wynkyn de Worde, 1506

2026-04-07T15:49:19Z

Bonsall:

{{Print
|Has Reference Number=EnglishPrint1
|Has Display Title=Here begynnèth thystorye of ye .vii. Wyse Maysters of rome conteynynge ryghe fayre & ryghtioyous narrac[i]ons. [et] to ye reder ryght delectable (incipit) [London]: Wynkyn de Worde, [1506]
|Has Total Number Of Pages=172
|Has Format=4°
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title="Here begynnèth thystorye of ye .vii. Wyse Maysters of rome conteynynge ryghe fayre & ryghtioyous narrac[i]ons. [et] to ye reder ryght delectable"
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Language Group Within Version=English Version H
|Has Narrative Or Scholarly Group Within Version=English Prints (H)
|Has Printer=Wynkyn de Worde
|Has Place Of Printing=London, UK
|Has Date Of Print=1506
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Language=English
|Is Prose Or Verse=Prose
|Has Illustrations=Yes
|Has Digitisation=EEBO: https://www.proquest.com/eebo/books/here-begynneth-thystorye-ye-vii-wyse-maysters/docview/2240904333/sem-2?accountid=11004
|Has Modern Research Literature=Schlusemann (2023)
|Has Catalogue=(STC 21298); ESTC S103667: https://datb.cerl.org/estc/S103667
|Has Internal Notes=revised by Elisabeth Böttcher
|Has Note=* contains woodcuts
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=London, British Library
|Has Shelfmark=C.34.f.46
|Has Note=imperfect; wanting the title page and signatures A1, A6, B1, B6, D1, L1, L6, P2, P3
}}
{{Copy
|Has Library=London, British Library
|Has Shelfmark=GRC C.34.f.46
|Has Note=Incorrectly dated 1515 by the British Library; see Gwara (2013) for more.
}}

English Version H

2026-04-07T15:46:27Z

Bonsall:

{{Secondary Version
|Has Description=The English translation of the ''Historia Septem Sapientum'' tradition was first printed by Wynkyn de Word, sometime c. 1506-1515
|Has Language Within Version=English
|Has Parent Version=H (Historia Septem Sapientum)
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Is Date Uncertain=No
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Cato
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Josephas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus and Roma
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Amatores
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Cleophas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Joachim
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium and Amici
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}

Hybrid Version A/L

2026-04-07T10:49:13Z

Bonsall:

{{Version
|Has Description=The French texts attached to this version are those that are the subject of scholarly debate as to their placement in either [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] or [[L (Sept Sages de Rome)|Version L]]. These texts bear a range of distinctive differences, varying from text to text, that betray a cross-pollination between the two textual versions. Predominantly, these texts have been critically designated as part of Version A, sometimes including parts of the text copied verbatim from other Version A manuscripts; however, they all include elements that distinguish them from the other A texts, and that bear close similarities to Version L.

Also included in this group are the texts that Runte describes as having sixteen or seventeen stories, but otherwise following the Version A pattern, when those additional stories are those typical for Version L's distinctive pattern (''[[Noverca]]'' and ''[[Filia]]''). Please see individual manuscript pages for the story-order, as this varies from text to text.
|Has Title=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Is Adapted From=L (Sept Sages de Rome); A (Seven Sages)
|Has Language Of Version=Old French
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Modern Research Literature=ARLIMA: Les sept sages; Berne-Aïache (1966); Coco (2016); Foehr-Janssens (1994); Le Roux de Lincy (1838); Paris (1876); Runte (1971); Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014); Runte, Wikeley, Farrell (1984); Speer (1981); Maulu (2016)
|Has Note=See individual texts for embedded story order.
}}

Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France, français 95

2026-04-07T10:45:53Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr31
|Has Location=Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
|Has Siglum=Français 95 (formerly Regius 6769)
|Has Page Range=355ra-380ra
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=A Romme ot I empereour qui ot a non Dyoclesiens…
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Further Secondary Scholarly Subgroup=Text Q
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Regional Language=Old French (Nord)
|Has Source For Regional Language=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
|Has Digitisation=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000108b
|Has Modern Edition=Plomp, De Middelnederlandsche bewerking van het gedicht van den VII Vroeden van binnen Rome (1899); Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006)
|Has Place Of Production=Thérouanne, France
|Has Date Of Production=1280
|Has Start Date Of Production=1275
|Has End Date Of Production=1300
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Source For Date Of Production=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
|Has Material=Parchment
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=394
|Has Height=470
|Has Width=330
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=Yes
|Has Collation=* 1ra-113va: L'estoire del saint Graal
* 113va-354vb: Le roman de Merlin en prose, avec la Suite Vulgate du Merlin
* 355ra-380ra: Le roman des sept sages de Rome
* 380ra-394vb: André le Moine, La penitance Adam
|Has Catalogue=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Anxilles
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquidarz
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Caton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Filia
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Meron
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Roma
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=17
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}

Paris Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal 3516

2026-04-07T10:45:38Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr30
|Has Location=Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
|Has Siglum=3516 (formerly 283 B. F)
|Has Page Range=273va-284rc
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=Il avint qu'il ot un enpereor a Romme qui avoit a non Deolicuns. Il ot eu feme; de cele feme ot il I fil …
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Further Secondary Scholarly Subgroup=Text Y1
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Regional Language=Old French (Picardie)
|Has Source For Regional Language=JONAS: http://jonas.irht.cnrs.fr/manuscrit/43012
|Has Digitisation=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b55000507q
|Has Modern Edition=Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006); Plomp, De Middelnederlandsche bewerking van het gedicht van den VII Vroeden van binnen Rome (1899)
|Has Place Of Production=Saint-Omer, France
|Has Start Date Of Production=1250
|Has End Date Of Production=1300
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Production=Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/2258; JONAS: http://jonas.irht.cnrs.fr/manuscrit/43012
|Has Material=Parchment
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=357
|Has Height=328
|Has Width=245
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Collation=* 1ra-2rd: [Calendrier en français; chaque mois est suivi de conseils pour se tenir en santé]
* 3va-b: [Table des matières de tout le volume]
* 4ra-50vd: La passion Nostre Seignor, traité en octosyllabes, en décasyllabiques et en alexandrins, en partie composé de La Bible d'Herman de Valenciennes et de La passion Dieu; incomplet du début
* 50vd-51vd: Le regret que Nostre Dame fist a le crois, [par Huon le Roi de Cambrai]
* 51vd-53vd: De la mort Nostre Dame, [par Wace]
* 53vc-57rb: De la canchon roi David [=Eructavit cor meum (psaume XLIV) en français
* 57rb-vd: De la Madelaine, en prose française
* 57vd-60vd: De l'ewangeliste saint Johan, version en prose française
* 60vd-63vd: De saint Jakes, en prose française
* 63vd-65rd: La passion saint Johan Baptiste l'apostle, version en prose française
* 65rd-66ra: De saint Piere, en prose française
* 66ra-67ra: La passion de saint Pol, en prose française
* 67ra: Prières latines
* 67ra-69va: De saint Andrieu, version en octosyllabes
* 69va-73va: Li livres de saint Nicolay, [par Wace]
* 73va-75vc: De saint Johan Bouche d'or, [par Renaut]
* 76ra-83vc: De Vaspasianus l'empereor ou La venganche Nostre Seigneur, version en alexandrins
* 84ra-96rb: De saint Julien, [par Rogier]
* 96rc-100vb: De seint Brandain, [par Benedeit]
* 100vd-107vb: De saint Grigoire, version "Or escotez, por Deu amor"
* 108ra-113vb: Moises le mourdrisseur [= Poème moral]
* 113vc-117vb: [Vie de sainte Marie l'égyptienne, version en octosyllabes]
* 117vc-121rb: De sainte Juliane, en vers octosyllabiques
* 121ra-125rb: [Vie de sainte Catherine d'Alexandrie, version en octosyllabes "Nous trouvommes"]
* 125rc-126vd: Sainte Margarite la virgene, [par Wace]
* 127ra-128vb: Del tumbeor nostre dame sainte Marie
* 128vc-130vc: De Jonas et de la balaine
* 130vc-131vb: De le abeesse que li deables empraingna, en vers français
* 131vb-vd: Les proierres, en vers français
* 132ra-vd: Del povre clerc qui molt avoit esté rices et mist le crucefis en pleges por lui al Juis, en vers français, incomplet de la fin
* 133ra-136ra: De la sainte empereris qui garissoit les lieprous, en vers français
* 136ra: Du prud'homme qui ne voulait dire complies
* 136ra-vd: De celui a qui Nostre Dame enta la quisse el cors, et saint Ypolites l'aporta, en vers français
* 137ra-139rc: [Del diable qui se fist clerc et devin], en vers français, mutilé au début et vers la fin
* 139va-140vb: [De l'unicorne et du serpent]
* 140va-143rc: [Desputison du] cors et de l'arme
* 144ra-154rc: Li lucidaires ki parole del Juvement et de moult d'autres choses, par [Gillebert de Cambres]
* 155ra-156vc: De jugement et des XV signes, en strophes d'alexandrins monorimes
* 156vc-158vb: Le table de le mapemonde, en prose
* 160ra-179v: L'ymage dou monde, [par Gossuin de Metz]
* 180ra-rd: Les natures del tans, si comme li sage anchien le nos demostrent, si comme il le virent et proverent en lor tans par anees
* 181ra-198vd: Li livres estrais de philosophie et de moralité, [par Alart de Cambrai]
* 198vc-212vc: Li livres des natures des bestes, [version longue du Bestiaire de Pierre de Beauvais]
* 213ra-214vb: Li lapidaires qui raconte les vertus des preciouses pierres
* 215rb-216rb: La table de preciouses pierres, de celes pierres qui sont de taille, et devise la vertu des tailles
* 218ra-273vc: Le livere Machabeus, [La chevalerie de Judas Macchabée, par Gautier de Belleperche]
* 273va-284rc: [Le roman des Sept sages de Rome, version A]
* 284rd-290vd: De Charlemaine sans rime, version pour Michel de Harnes de la Chronique du Pseudo-Turpin
* 291ra-296vd: Robert de Blois, poèmes divers (texte apparemment incomplet de la fin)
* 297ra-304va: [Brève chronique des rois de France, de Troie et d'Angleterre]
* 304va-315ra: [Chronique de Normandie du XIIIe siècle, rédaction B]
* 315rb-319rc: De la deesse d'amor; rubrique rendue partiellement illisible par l'enlèvement de la miniature qui marquait le début du texte
* 319va-342vd: Li livres de Cristal et de Clarie
* 343ra-344rd: Melion
* 344va-345rd: Li lay del trot, incomplet de la fin
* 345rc-347ra: Lai d'Aristote, [par Henri de Valenciennes]
* 348rc: Le chante pleure
* 347vc-348vc: Doctrinal le sauvage
* 348rc-349va) Li dit des drois [par le Clerc de Vaudoy]
* 349va-c: Li livres de fisique [= La lettre d'Hippocrate à César]
* 350ra-357vb: Reinbert
|Has Catalogue=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc84176k
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Auguste
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquidarz
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Caton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Filia
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Meron
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}

Paris Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal 3354

2026-04-07T10:45:22Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr29
|Has Location=Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
|Has Siglum=3354 (formerly 245 B. L. F.)
|Has Page Range=3r-58v
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Modern Edition=Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006)
|Has Start Date Of Production=1400
|Has End Date Of Production=1500
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Production=BNF catalogue: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc840610
|Has Material=Paper
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=118
|Has Height=292
|Has Width=194
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Collation=* 3 - 58v: Sept Sages de Rome
* 59 - 60: Débat de l'amoureux et de la mort
* 60r - 109r: Pierre de Provence et la belle Maguelonne
* 115v - 118v: Office de connétable
|Has Modern Research Literature=Paris (1876); Le Roux de Lincy (1838); Coco (2016); Berne-Aïache (1966); Berne-Aïache (1977); Runte, Wikeley, Farrell (1984); Foehr-Janssens (1994)
}}
{{EmbeddedStory}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
|Has Name Variation=Baucillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Auguste
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Jesse
|Has Name Variation=Josse
}}

Cambridge University Library MS Gg.6.28

2026-04-07T10:45:05Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr32
|Has Location=Cambridge University Library
|Has Siglum=Gg.6.28
|Has Page Range=69v-113v
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Further Secondary Scholarly Subgroup=Text C2
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Regional Language=Anglo-Norman
|Has Modern Edition=Plomp, De Middelnederlandsche bewerking van het gedicht van den VII Vroeden van binnen Rome (1899); Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006)
|Has Place Of Production=England
|Has Start Date Of Production=1275
|Has End Date Of Production=1300
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Production=Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/2362; JONAS: http://jonas.irht.cnrs.fr/manuscrit/13437
|Has Material=Parchment
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=113
|Has Height=200
|Has Width=113
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=No
|Has Collation=* 1r - 8r: Nicole Bozon, Char d'orgueil
* 8v - 15: Ordre de chevalerie
* 15v - 51v: Petite philosophie
* 52r - 57r: Itinéraire de Terre Sainte
* 57r - 61v: Lettre du patriarche de Jérusalem à Innocent III
* 69v - 113v: Sept sages de Rome
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Anxilles
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquidarz
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Caton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Filia
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Meron
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Roma
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=17
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}

Brussel Koninklijke Bibliotheek 9245

2026-04-07T10:44:52Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr33
|Has Location=Brussel, Koninklijke Bibliotheek
|Has Siglum=9245
|Has Page Range=1ra-17rc
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=Ci commence li livres des VII sages de Romme et de Marques le seneschal, et aprés de Laurin et de Cassydorus, et de Pelyarmemis, et aprés li fait des empereeurs de Romme et de Coustantinoble. A Romme ot jadis I empereour qui ot non Dyocleciens. Il ot femme et de celle femme…
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Further Secondary Scholarly Subgroup=Text B4
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Digitisation=https://uurl.kbr.be/1934974
|Has Modern Edition=Plomp, De Middelnederlandsche bewerking van het gedicht van den VII Vroeden van binnen Rome (1899); Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006)
|Has Place Of Production=France (Nord)
|Has Start Date Of Production=1300
|Has End Date Of Production=1350
|Is Date Uncertain=No
|Has Source For Date Of Production=Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/2962
|Has Material=Parchment
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=593
|Has Height=405
|Has Width=295
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=Yes
|Has Collation=* 1r - 17r: Sept sages de Rome
* 17 - 60v: Marques de Rome
* 60v - 184v: Laurin, fils de Marques le Sénéchal
* 184v - 296r: Cassidorus
* 296r - 348v: Helcanus
* 348v - 482r: Pelyarmenus
* 482r - 593v: Kanor
|Has Catalogue=J. Marchal, Catalogue des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque royale des ducs de Bourgogne publié par ordre du ministre de l'Intérieur, Bruxelles et Leipzig, Muquardt, 1842, 3 t. (ici t. 1, p. 185, no 9245): https://archive.org/details/cataloguedesman01brus; KBR: https://opac.kbr.be/Library/doc/SYRACUSE/16453139
|Has Modern Research Literature=Runte (1974); Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014); Runte, Wikeley, Farrell (1984); Coco (2016); Speer (1981); Foehr-Janssens (1994); Berne-Aïache (1966); Le Roux de Lincy (1838); Paris (1876)
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Anxilles
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquidarz
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Roma
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Meron
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}

Paris Bibliothèque nationale de France, français 95

2026-04-07T10:44:30Z

Bonsall:

{{Manuscript
|Has Reference Number=Fr31
|Has Location=Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
|Has Siglum=Français 95 (formerly Regius 6769)
|Has Page Range=355ra-380ra
|Has Standardised Title Of Narrative=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Incipit Or Textual Title=A Romme ot I empereour qui ot a non Dyoclesiens…
|Has Siglum Of The Version Of The Seven Sages=Hybrid Version A/L
|Has Language Group Within Version=French A/L Overlap
|Has Further Secondary Scholarly Subgroup=Text Q
|Has Source For Information On Textual Relationship to Broader Tradition=Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014)
|Has Language=Old French
|Has Regional Language=Old French (Nord)
|Has Source For Regional Language=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
|Has Digitisation=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b6000108b
|Has Modern Edition=Plomp, De Middelnederlandsche bewerking van het gedicht van den VII Vroeden van binnen Rome (1899); Runte, Les sept sages de Rome: An On-Line Edition of French Version A (2006)
|Has Place Of Production=Thérouanne, France
|Has Date Of Production=1280
|Has Start Date Of Production=1275
|Has End Date Of Production=1300
|Is Date Uncertain=Yes
|Has Source For Date Of Production=BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
|Has Material=Parchment
|Has Total Pages In Manuscript=394
|Has Height=470
|Has Width=330
|Has Literary Form=Prose
|Has Illustrations=Yes
|Has Collation=* 1ra-113va: L'estoire del saint Graal
* 113va-354vb: Le roman de Merlin en prose, avec la Suite Vulgate du Merlin
* 355ra-380ra: Le roman des sept sages de Rome
* 380ra-394vb: André le Moine, La penitance Adam
|Has Catalogue=Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153 (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153) (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153 (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153)) (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153 (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153) (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153 (Arlima: https://arlima.net/no/4153))); BNF: https://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc13594b
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Arbor
|Has Sequence Number=1
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Canis
|Has Sequence Number=2
|Has Narrator=Bancillas
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Aper
|Has Sequence Number=3
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Medicus
|Has Sequence Number=4
|Has Narrator=Lentulus
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Gaza
|Has Sequence Number=5
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Puteus
|Has Sequence Number=6
|Has Narrator=Anxilles
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Senescalcus
|Has Sequence Number=7
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Tentamina
|Has Sequence Number=8
|Has Narrator=Malquidras
|Has Name Variation=Malquidarz
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Virgilius
|Has Sequence Number=9
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Avis
|Has Sequence Number=10
|Has Narrator=Cato
|Has Name Variation=Caton
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Sapientes
|Has Sequence Number=11
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vidua
|Has Sequence Number=12
|Has Narrator=Jesse
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Filia
|Has Sequence Number=13
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Inclusa
|Has Sequence Number=14
|Has Narrator=Meron
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Roma
|Has Sequence Number=15
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Vaticinium
|Has Sequence Number=16
|Has Narrator=Prince
}}
{{EmbeddedStory
|Has Short Title=Noverca
|Has Sequence Number=17
|Has Narrator=Empress
}}

Overlap of Versions A and L

2026-04-07T10:44:20Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Overlap of Versions A and L to Hybrid Version A/L

#REDIRECT [[Hybrid Version A/L]]

Hybrid Version A/L

2026-04-07T10:44:19Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Overlap of Versions A and L to Hybrid Version A/L

{{Version
|Has Description=The French texts attached to this version are those that are the subject of scholarly debate as to their placement in either [[A (Seven Sages)|Version A]] or [[L (Sept Sages de Rome)|Version L]]. These texts bear a range of distinctive differences, varying from text to text, that betray a cross-pollination between the two textual versions. Sometimes this is typified as part of a text copied verbatim from A, and other parts from L; in other cases, these texts adhere primarily to one tradition, but then borrow portions or embedded stories from the other. I am also including in this group all texts that Runte describes as having sixteen or seventeen stories, but otherwise following the Version A pattern, when those additional stories are those typical for Version L's distinctive pattern (''[[Noverca]]'' and ''[[Filia]]''). Please see individual manuscript pages for the story-order, as this varies from text to text.
|Has Title=Sept Sages de Rome
|Has Branch Of Tradition=Seven Sages of Rome
|Is Adapted From=L (Sept Sages de Rome); A (Seven Sages)
|Has Language Of Version=Old French
|Has Modern Research Literature=ARLIMA: Les sept sages; Berne-Aïache (1966); Coco (2016); Foehr-Janssens (1994); Le Roux de Lincy (1838); Paris (1876); Runte (1971); Runte, Society of the Seven Sages Portal (2014); Runte, Wikeley, Farrell (1984); Speer (1981)
|Has Note=See individual texts for embedded story order.
}}

Rajna (1880)

2026-04-03T14:10:00Z

Bonsall:

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Author=Pio Rajna
|Has Book Title=Storia di Stefano, figliuolo d'un imperatore di Roma, versione in ottava rima del libro dei Sette Savi
|Has Place Of Publication=Bologna, Italy
|Has Publisher=Romagnoli
|Has Date=1880
|Has Type=Modern Research Literature
|Has Digitisation=https://archive.org/details/storiadistefanof00rajnuoft
}}

Berne-Aïache (1966)

2026-04-03T11:52:02Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1966) to Aïache (1966)

#REDIRECT [[Aïache (1966)]]

Aïache (1966)

2026-04-03T11:52:02Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1966) to Aïache (1966)

{{Modern Research Literature
|Is Connected To Modern Edition=Aïache-Berne, Les Versions françaises en prose du Roman des Sept Sages (1966)
|Has Author=Mauricette Aïache-Berne
|Has Chapter Title=Les Versions françaises en prose du Roman des Sept Sages
|Has Book Title=Ecole des chartes, Positions des thèses soutenues par les élèves de la promotion de 1966 pour obtenir le diplôme d’archiviste paléographe
|Has Place Of Publication=Paris, France
|Has Publisher=Ecole des chartes
|Has Date=1966
|Has Type=Modern Research Literature
}}

Berne-Aïache (1977)

2026-04-03T11:51:38Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1977) to Aïache Berne (1977)

#REDIRECT [[Aïache Berne (1977)]]

Aïache Berne (1977)

2026-04-03T11:51:38Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1977) to Aïache Berne (1977)

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Author=Mauricette Berne-Aïache
|Has Chapter Title=The Manuscript Tradition of Versions A, L, and C of the French Seven Sages : Problems and Solutions
|Has Book Title=Society of the Seven Sages Newsletter
|Has Volume And Issue=3
|Has Date=1977
|Has Note=Also published in ''Studies on the Seven Sages and Rome'', ed. by Runte et al (1978).
}}
{{ResearchMaterial
|Has Research Material Title=Berne_Tradition Manuscrite des versions A et L_1978.pdf
|Has Research Material Link=https://cloud.kallimachos.de/f/230773
}}

Berne-Aïache (1992)

2026-04-03T11:42:54Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1992) to Aïache Berne (1992)

#REDIRECT [[Aïache Berne (1992)]]

Aïache Berne (1992)

2026-04-03T11:42:54Z

Bonsall: Bonsall moved page Berne-Aïache (1992) to Aïache Berne (1992)

{{Modern Research Literature
|Has Author=Mauricette Berne-Aïache
|Has Chapter Title=Roman des Sept Sages et ses continuations
|Has Book Title=Dictionnaire des lettres françaises: le Moyen Âge
|Has Editor Name=Geneviève Hasenohr; Michel Zink
|Has Place Of Publication=Paris, France
|Has Publisher=Fayard
|Has Date=1992
|Has Page Range=1317-1320
|Has Type=Modern Research Literature
}}