Syntipas - Revision history

Bonsall at 11:08, 18 March 2026

2026-03-18T11:08:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:08, 18 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher'' (''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou,'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was followed by transmission in print, and eventually translation into Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbian.		\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher'' (Βίβλος Συντίπα τοῦ φιλοσόφου'', Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou,'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was followed by transmission in print, and eventually translation into Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbian.

	''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor, probably in Melitene in Eastern Anatolia (present-day Türkiye). Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor, probably in Melitene in Eastern Anatolia (present-day Türkiye). Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.
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	[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]		[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]
	\|Has Title=Βίβλος Συντίπα τοῦ φιλοσόφου (~~Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou~~)		\|Has Title=Βίβλος Συντίπα τοῦ φιλοσόφου (Book of Syntipas the philosopher)
	\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)		\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)
	\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad		\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad

Bonsall at 11:04, 18 March 2026

2026-03-18T11:04:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 18 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was followed by transmission in print, and eventually translation into Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbian.		\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher'' (''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou,'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was followed by transmission in print, and eventually translation into Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbian.

	''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor, probably in Melitene in Eastern Anatolia (present-day Türkiye). Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor, probably in Melitene in Eastern Anatolia (present-day Türkiye). Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.
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	[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]		[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]
	\|Has Title=Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou		\|Has Title=Βίβλος Συντίπα τοῦ φιλοσόφου (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou)
	\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)		\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)
	\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad		\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad

Bonsall at 11:34, 16 March 2026

2026-03-16T11:34:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:34, 16 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was ~~eventually~~ followed by transmission in print, and translation into Bulgarian.		\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was followed by transmission in print, and eventually translation into Bulgarian, Romanian, and Serbian.

	''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 ~~(Bortoli)~~. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor, probably in Melitene in Eastern Anatolia (present-day Türkiye). Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744. Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.


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	\|Is Adapted From=Syriac Sindban		\|Is Adapted From=Syriac Sindban
	\|Has Language Of Version=Greek		\|Has Language Of Version=Greek
	\|Is Translated Into Languages=Bulgarian		\|Is Translated Into Languages=Bulgarian; Serbian; Romanian
			\|Has Place Of Text Composition=Melitene
	\|Has Start Date Of Composition=1050		\|Has Start Date Of Composition=1050
	\|Has End Date Of Composition=1100		\|Has End Date Of Composition=1100
	\|Is Date Uncertain=No		\|Is Date Uncertain=No
	\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023)		\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023); Minets (2023)
	\|Has Modern Edition=Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)		\|Has Modern Edition=Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)
			\|Has Note=Note: the story order (below) reflects Andreopoulos' narrative sequence.
	}}		}}
	{{EmbeddedStory		{{EmbeddedStory

Bonsall at 15:21, 13 March 2026

2026-03-13T15:21:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 13 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was eventually followed by transmission in print, and translation into Bulgarian.		\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was eventually followed by transmission in print, and translation into Bulgarian.

	''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.

Bonsall at 15:21, 13 March 2026

2026-03-13T15:21:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 13 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The ''Book of ~~Sindbad~~ the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'')~~, rendered~~ ''~~Syntipas~~'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		\|Has Description=The narrative known in scholarship as ''Syntipas'', or, ''The'' ''Book of Syntipas the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' in Greek) is part of the ''Book of Sindbad'' narrative family. Its popularity in Greek manuscripts was eventually followed by transmission in print, and translation into Bulgarian.

			''Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou'' was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.

Bonsall at 15:14, 13 March 2026

2026-03-13T15:14:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:14, 13 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou''), rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou ~~2024~~). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou''), rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’, '''Metaphrasis''<nowiki/>', or '[[Reworking]]' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see [[Kechayoglou 2004]]). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.


	The [[metaphrasis]] is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it (~~'''~~Fish in the ~~field~~)~~'''~~, as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in the narrative Ingenia, and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story; the story is meant to serve as an additional example of the wiles of women. The ~~metaphrasis~~ also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The author responsible for the reworking omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.		The "metaphrasis" is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ or [[Reworking]] of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ original translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it ([[Ingenia 3]], or, The Fish in the Field), as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in the narrative Ingenia 1, and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story; the story is meant to serve as an additional example of the wiles of women. The Reworking version also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The author responsible for the reworking omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.

	The post-Byzantine versions of the 16th and 17th centuries are based on the ~~reworked~~ version, not on the original Andreopoulos text. They do not go back to one translation but differ considerably in terms of language and expression.		The post-Byzantine versions of the 16th and 17th centuries are based on the [[Reworking\|Reworked]] version, not on the original Andreopoulos text. They do not go back to one translation but differ considerably in terms of language and expression.

	While several studies and editions of the ''Syntipas'' narrative exist, the editions need updating. For example, an examination of the manuscripts of the [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos version]] to which [[Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)\|Jernstedt]] did not have access at the time is necessary: at least one of them often offers better readings (Vind. phil. gr. 173; see [[Hinterberger (2023)\|Hinterberger 2023]]) than the three manuscripts used by Jernstedt. The same holds true for the manuscripts of the ''[[Metaphrasis]]''/Reworking, for which no fewer than seven have not yet been properly collated and studied. Moreover, there are likely to be other manuscripts containing the text, especially in the Greek Library of Parliament and the Athos monasteries, for which the catalogues are often inadequate. Occasionally, there is confusion between the ''Book of Syntipas'' and the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas (e.g. in [[Dresden Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek gr. Da 33\|Dresd. gr. Da. 33]]), as well as between ''Syntipas'' and ''Stephanites and Ichnelates''. For instance, in the manuscript [[Jerusalem Patriarchal Library Ms. 208]], ''Syntipas'' appears after the text of ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'' but is not mentioned in the library catalogue. The same holds true for a large excerpt of ''Syntipas'' in another known manuscript, [[Munich Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cod. gr. 525]]. It is therefore likely that there are more such cases, and it would be worth examining manuscripts that contain the texts frequently found alongside ''Syntipas'', such as ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'', the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas, and the ''Life of Aesop''.		While several studies and editions of the ''Syntipas'' narrative exist, the editions need updating. For example, an examination of the manuscripts of the [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos version]] to which [[Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)\|Jernstedt]] did not have access at the time is necessary: at least one of them often offers better readings (Vind. phil. gr. 173; see [[Hinterberger (2023)\|Hinterberger 2023]]) than the three manuscripts used by Jernstedt. The same holds true for the manuscripts of the ''[[Metaphrasis]]''/Reworking, for which no fewer than seven have not yet been properly collated and studied. Moreover, there are likely to be other manuscripts containing the text, especially in the Greek Library of Parliament and the Athos monasteries, for which the catalogues are often inadequate. Occasionally, there is confusion between the ''Book of Syntipas'' and the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas (e.g. in [[Dresden Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek gr. Da 33\|Dresd. gr. Da. 33]]), as well as between ''Syntipas'' and ''Stephanites and Ichnelates''. For instance, in the manuscript [[Jerusalem Patriarchal Library Ms. 208]], ''Syntipas'' appears after the text of ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'' but is not mentioned in the library catalogue. The same holds true for a large excerpt of ''Syntipas'' in another known manuscript, [[Munich Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cod. gr. 525]]. It is therefore likely that there are more such cases, and it would be worth examining manuscripts that contain the texts frequently found alongside ''Syntipas'', such as ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'', the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas, and the ''Life of Aesop''.
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	\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad		\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad
	\|Is Adapted From=Syriac Sindban		\|Is Adapted From=Syriac Sindban
			\|Has Language Of Version=Greek
			\|Is Translated Into Languages=Bulgarian
			\|Has Start Date Of Composition=1050
			\|Has End Date Of Composition=1100
	\|Is Date Uncertain=No		\|Is Date Uncertain=No
	\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023)		\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023)

Bonsall at 18:39, 9 March 2026

2026-03-09T18:39:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 9 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher'', rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher (Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou''), rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.

Bonsall at 10:14, 9 March 2026

2026-03-09T10:14:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 9 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher'', rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher'', rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.


	The [[metaphrasis]] is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it ('''Fish in the field)''', as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in the narrative Ingenia, and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story; the story is meant to serve as an additional example of the wiles of women. The metaphrasis also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The author responsible for the reworking omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.		The [[metaphrasis]] is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it ('''Fish in the field)''', as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in the narrative Ingenia, and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story; the story is meant to serve as an additional example of the wiles of women. The metaphrasis also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The author responsible for the reworking omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.

Bonsall at 09:27, 9 March 2026

2026-03-09T09:27:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 9 March 2026
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	{{Version		{{Version
	\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher'', rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’ ~~or '~~''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.		\|Has Description=The ''Book of Sindbad the Philosopher'', rendered ''Syntipas'' in Greek, was translated into learned Byzantine Greek in the late 11th century by Michael Andreopoulos in eastern Asia Minor. Andreopoulos states that he translated the text from the [[Syriac Sindban\|Syriac version]], which he claims was a translation of the 9th-century Arabic translation of a Persian original. In the 13th century, Andreopoulos’ text was rewritten in a slightly less ‘elevated’ linguistic register, termed ‘''Retractatio''’,''[[Metaphrasis]]''<nowiki/>', or 'Reworking' in scholarship. From the late 16th century onwards translations into 'lower' linguistic registers begin to appear; these are known as the 'Vernacular' or '[[Post-Byzantine Version\|'Post-Byzantine' versions]] of the text. The Greek ''Syntipas'' has come down to us in 25 manuscripts, as well as in numerous chapbooks printed in Venice and Athens (for which see Kechayoglou 2024). The oldest known print dates to 1712 or 1713 (printed in Venice by Bortoli); the oldest surviving print dates to 1744 (Bortoli). Reprints continued to be made well into the 20th century.

	The [[metaphrasis]] is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it ('''Fish in the field)''', as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in ~~another story~~ and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story. The metaphrasis also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The ~~translator~~ responsible for the ~~metaphrasis~~ omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised ~~provenance of~~ the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.		The [[metaphrasis]] is a rather faithful ‘rewording’ of [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos]]’ translation. The two versions offer largely the same text, though the metaphrasis has one extra story that seems to be unique to it ('''Fish in the field)''', as it does not appear in Andreopoulos or any of the eastern text traditions of Sindbad. The story is embedded in the narrative Ingenia, and is told not by one of the counsellors or the stepmother, but by one of the protagonists in the 7th counsellor’s story; the story is meant to serve as an additional example of the wiles of women. The metaphrasis also changes the storyline of one of the stories ([[Mel]]) to an ostensibly more plausible one. (In Andreopoulos’ version, the escalating violence over the honeycomb begins with a bee that is attracted to the honey, killed by the merchant's cat, who is then killed by the hunter's dog. The author responsible for the reworking omits the cat and introduces a woman from the merchant’s village, who claims the hunter stole the beehive from her village and tries to grab it. The dog then barks at the woman, the hunter and the merchant start to fight, and the inhabitants of the two villages join in and they all kill each other. In this version, the bee’s presence is pointless. Some of the post-Byzantine versions try to make sense of the role of the bee by making the woman say that the bee was from her village and recognised the stolen honey.) These and other minor differences can help to determine which unseen or understudied manuscripts belong to which tradition.

	The post-Byzantine versions of the 16th and 17th centuries are based on the ~~''Metaphrasis''~~, not on the original Andreopoulos text. They do not go back to one translation but differ considerably in terms of language and expression.		The post-Byzantine versions of the 16th and 17th centuries are based on the reworked version, not on the original Andreopoulos text. They do not go back to one translation but differ considerably in terms of language and expression.

	While several studies and editions of the ''Syntipas'' narrative exist, the editions need updating. For example, an examination of the manuscripts of the [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos version]] to which [[Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)\|Jernstedt]] did not have access at the time is necessary: at least one of them often offers better readings (Vind. phil. gr. 173; see [[Hinterberger (2023)\|Hinterberger 2023]]) than the three manuscripts used by Jernstedt. The same holds true for the manuscripts of the ''[[Metaphrasis]]'', for which no fewer than seven have not yet been properly collated and studied. Moreover, there are likely to be other manuscripts containing the text, especially in the Greek Library of Parliament and the Athos monasteries, for which the catalogues are often inadequate. Occasionally, there is confusion between the ''Book of Syntipas'' and the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas (e.g. in [[Dresden Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek gr. Da 33\|Dresd. gr. Da. 33]]), as well as between ''Syntipas'' and ''Stephanites and Ichnelates''. For instance, in the manuscript [[Jerusalem Patriarchal Library Ms. 208]], ''Syntipas'' appears after the text of ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'' but is not mentioned in the library catalogue. The same holds true for a large excerpt of ''Syntipas'' in another known manuscript, [[Munich Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cod. gr. 525]]. It is therefore likely that there are more such cases, and it would be worth examining manuscripts that contain the texts frequently found alongside ''Syntipas'', such as ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'', the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas, and the ''Life of Aesop''.		While several studies and editions of the ''Syntipas'' narrative exist, the editions need updating. For example, an examination of the manuscripts of the [[Andreopoulos Syntipas\|Andreopoulos version]] to which [[Jernstedt–Nikitin, Liber Syntipae (1912)\|Jernstedt]] did not have access at the time is necessary: at least one of them often offers better readings (Vind. phil. gr. 173; see [[Hinterberger (2023)\|Hinterberger 2023]]) than the three manuscripts used by Jernstedt. The same holds true for the manuscripts of the ''[[Metaphrasis]]''/Reworking, for which no fewer than seven have not yet been properly collated and studied. Moreover, there are likely to be other manuscripts containing the text, especially in the Greek Library of Parliament and the Athos monasteries, for which the catalogues are often inadequate. Occasionally, there is confusion between the ''Book of Syntipas'' and the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas (e.g. in [[Dresden Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek gr. Da 33\|Dresd. gr. Da. 33]]), as well as between ''Syntipas'' and ''Stephanites and Ichnelates''. For instance, in the manuscript [[Jerusalem Patriarchal Library Ms. 208]], ''Syntipas'' appears after the text of ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'' but is not mentioned in the library catalogue. The same holds true for a large excerpt of ''Syntipas'' in another known manuscript, [[Munich Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cod. gr. 525]]. It is therefore likely that there are more such cases, and it would be worth examining manuscripts that contain the texts frequently found alongside ''Syntipas'', such as ''Stephanites and Ichnelates'', the collection of fables attributed to Syntipas, and the ''Life of Aesop''.

Janssen at 15:16, 2 March 2026

2026-03-02T15:16:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:16, 2 March 2026
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	[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]		[By Marjolijne Janssen, ed. by Jane Bonsall and Bettina Bildhauer]
			\|Has Title=Vivlos Syntipa tou filosofou
	\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)		\|Has Author=Μιχαὴλ Ἀνδρεόπουλος (Michael Andreopoulos)
	\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad		\|Has Branch Of Tradition=Book of Sindbad
			\|Is Adapted From=Syriac Sindban
	\|Is Date Uncertain=No		\|Is Date Uncertain=No
	\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023)		\|Has Modern Research Literature=Kechayoglou (2004); Hinterberger (2023)